Abduction in logic programming started in the late 80s, early 90s, in an attempt to extend logic programming into a framework suitable for a variety of problems in artificial intelligence and other areas of computer science. One handy way of thinking of it is as inference to the best explanation. Sciff is an alp rulebased language and family of proof procedures for the speci. The probabilistic programming language has certain interesting properties when compared to stateofthe. Section 4 shows how the considered datalog language can be mapped into sciff, and the kind of queries that the abductive proof procedure can handle. An abductive approach to disjunctive logic programming. Logic programming is a programming paradigm which is largely based on formal logic. Implementing probabilistic abductive logic programming.
A measure of arbitrariness in abductive explanations. Inductive reasoning, on other hand, criticized because no amount of empirical data will necessarily enable. Facing the limitations of standard logic programming for solving these problems, di. Abduction logic simple english wikipedia, the free. Facing the limitations of standard logic programming for solving these problems, di erent researchers proposed to extend logic programming with abduction. Coherent integration of databases by abductive logic programming. This paper shows a simple view of abduction in this context for the completion semantics, under which the problem of abduction becomes one of solving quanti. It separates the theory t \displaystyle t into two components, one of which is a normal logic program, used to generate e \displaystyle e by means of backward reasoning, the other of which is a set of integrity constraints, used. Expressing and verifying business contracts with abductive logic programming. Version 27 sep 2005 1 deduction, abduction, and induction in logic programming the philosopher c. Abduction doesnt guarantee that a theory is logically correct.
Major logic programming language families include prolog, answer set programming asp and datalog. Abductive reasoning an overview sciencedirect topics. In the context of logic programming, the study of abductive inference started at the end of the eighties as an outcome of di erent attempts to use logic programming for solving aiproblems. Reasoning about temporal context using ontology and abductive constraint logic programming ppswriclp hongwei zhu stuart e. It produces answers which are not guaranteed to be correct. Bridging machine learning and logical reasoning by.
The following two examples, written in simple structured english rather than in the strict syntax of alp, illustrate the notion of abductive explanation in alp and its. Probabilistic abductive logic programming using possible worlds. Ic i kb,set of lp clauseshaving in their body some distinguished atoms built from the set of abducibles predicates a ic, set of logic formulae, called integrity constraints given a goal g, nd a set of abducible atoms, such that. Abductive reasoning, or abduction, is a form of logic that guesses at theories to explain a set of observations. Combining logic abduction and statistical induction. Nonmonotonic reasoning has been explored as a form of abductive reasoning where default assumptions are treated as abductive hypotheses. Abductive logic programming is a computational framework that extends normal logic programming with abduction. Reasoning is the process of using existing knowledge to draw conclusions, make predictions, or construct explanations.
Proceedings of the 31st aaai conference on artificial intelligence, san francisco, 2017. Pdf coherent integration of databases by abductive logic. Abduction is the kind of practical logic which answers questions of the type how did this come about. A new logic programming language with assumptions and abduction henning christiansen1 and veronica dahl2 1 roskilde university, computer science dept.
It is known that horn logic programs provide a powerful computational language. For this framework, we introduce a new measure of the simplicity of an explanation based on its degree of arbitrariness. Accountable protocols in abductive logic programming. We study the framework of abductive logic programming extended with integrity constraints. Programming, logic and intelligent systems department of communication, business and information technologies roskilde university, p. Abductive reasoning in prolog and chr a short introduction for the kiis course, autumn 2005 henning christiansen roskilde university, computer science dept. Deductive, inductive and abductive reasoning tip sheet. It can be seen as a way of generating explanations of a phenomena meeting certain conditions.
Abductive logic programming alp an alp program pis a triple. Like most srl formalisms, blps also use deduction for logical inference, and hence cannot be used effectively for abductive reasoning. By this way of treating abduction, the problems with nonground negative. As their primary goal, the authors introduced an argumentation theoretic approach to the use of abduction as. Abductive logic programming journal of logic and computation. Abductive reasoning, also referred to as abductive approach is set to address weaknesses associated with deductive and inductive approaches. We propose the adoption of the sciff framework 4, based on abductive logic programming alp, 28, as an effective tool for accomplishing the static veri. P redi, the set of examples labelled with most likely class. Throughout this paper, we assume that our language includes a number of constraint predicates. Abductive logic programming by nonground rewrite systems.
This paper aims to chart out the main developments of the field over the last ten years and to take a critical view of these developments from several perspectives. The language builds upon the alp combination of logic programs, to represent an agents beliefs, and integrity constraints. In this paper we study abduction with penalization in the logic programming framework. In all of these languages, rules are written in the form of clauses. This paper is a survey and critical overview of recent work on the extension of logic programming to perform abductive reasoning abductive logic programming. If multiple theories can be found, the simplest and most likely theory. Abduction in logic programming paris descartes university. Abductive logic programming and the sciff language, with a mention to its abductive proof procedure. Deductive reasoning starts with the assertion of a general rule and proceeds from there to a guaranteed specific conclusion. Abductive logic programming department of computing. A number of approaches to abductive logic programming.
Abductive logic programming as an effective technology for. Bayesian abductive logic programs ut computer science the. Abductive logic programming by nonground rewrite systems aaai. Specifically, deductive reasoning is criticized for the lack of clarity in terms of how to select theory to be tested via formulating hypotheses. This paper presents an abductive model of diagnosis, which was designed for medical care diagnosis and treatment of certain types of allergy. Contextual abductive reasoning with sideeffects theory. In the context of logic programming, the study of abductive inference started at the end of the eighties as an outcome of di. A probabilistic logic for abductive reasoning sindhu v. In this paper, we present the abductive learning targeted at unifying the two ai paradigms in a mutually bene.
Inductive logic programming ilp is often situated as a. In london, the answer is most often that it rained. Abductive logic programming oxford academic journals. The framework of abductive logic programming alp was established and made popular by the survey paper 23. Pdf this paper is a survey and critical overview of recent work on the extension of logic programming to perform abductive reasoning abductive logic.
Coherent integration of databases by abductive logic. This form of abductive reasoning, which has not been previously analyzed in logic programming, turns out to represent several relevant problems, including optimization problems, very naturally. Consider the observation that the lawn is wet in the morning. Logic programming with negation offers a compelling approach to abductive reasoning. Three methods of reasoning are the deductive, inductive, and abductive approaches. We outline the general framework of abduction and its applications to knowledge assimilation and default reasoning. Implementing probabilistic abductive logic programming with constraint handling rules henning christiansen research group plis.
Abductive logic programming agents with destructive databases. It was characterized as the probative adoption of a hypothesis that explains observed facts. Any program written in a logic programming language is a set of sentences in logical form, expressing facts and rules about some problem domain. Abductive logic programming for datalog ontologies ceur. In practice, examples where causation and entailment do not correspond are.
Ferilli1,2 1 dipartimento di informatica universita di bari fulvio. Abduction in logic programming stanford university. In other words, it is a method of estimation or theory formation. Pdf concurrent abductive logic programming in pandora. Abductive logic programming is a high level knowledge representation framework that allows us to solve problems declaratively based on abductive reasoning. Section 6 concludes the paper, and outlines future work.
Introduction inductive logic programming ilp lav94 is a machine learning technique concerned with the induction of logic theories from positive and negative examples and has been successfully applied to a wide range of problems d. A comprehensive survey of the extension of logic programming to perform abductive reasoning referred to as abductive logic programming can be found in kakas et al. Abduction in logic programming started in the late 80s, early 90s, in an attempt to extend logic programming into a framework suitable for a variety of problems in artificial intelligence and. Expressing and verifying business contracts with abductive. While the semantics and proof theories under this approach have been studied extensively, the question of how disjunctive programs may be used to reason abductively has rarely been investigated. Reasoning about temporal context using ontology and. Abductive logic programming agents with destructive. However, the two categories of techniques were developed separately throughout most of the history of ai.